In the study of child psychopathology the diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder has worked its way to the forefront no longer affecting only adults and teens. Reported cases include children as young as 6 years old, however, there is much controversy surrounding these numbers. Many in the psychopathology field, including doctors and psych clinicians, believe there may be misdiagnoses.

Bipolar Disorder

Also known as manic depression, bipolar disorder is described as a condition in which there are extreme mood swings or shifts. Although there are different types of bipolar disorder, all include cycles of depression and mania. The differences are:

• Bipolar 1 disorder consists of shifts between depression and mania with brief periods of normal moods between each extreme. Some children reportedly suffered less depression than mania.
• Bipolar 2 disorder consists of shifts between depression and mania with more periods of depression reported with less mania.

Common depression symptoms in children who may be suffering from bipolar disorder include:

• Prolonged periods of sadness or irritability
• Changes in sleep patterns (too much, problems falling asleep)
• Difficulty focusing
• Changes in dietary habits (eating too much, no longer eating)
• Lack of interest in normal activities such as friends, games, sports or hobbies
• Loss of energy or lethargic
Ongoing feelings of worthlessness or guilt
• Suicidal thoughts or talk
• Restlessness or a slowing in body movements

Common manic symptoms of children who may be suffering from bipolar disorder include:

• Extreme periods of giddiness, silliness, or elation to extreme irritability
• Not sleeping, or sleeping very little over the course of days
• Fast talking, or jumping from one topic to the next quickly and without interruption
• Extremely high levels of energy
• Hypersexuality
• Easily distracted
• Feelings of greatness or grandiosity
• Risky or wild behavior, thrill-seeking

In some episodes of mania, the child may also suffer psychotic episodes including hallucinations or the hearing of voices not audible to those around them.

How to Help a Child Suffering from Bipolar Disorder

Untreated symptoms of bipolar disorder may lead to suicide attempts and even death. It's important to seek medical advice immediately. It's okay to seek a second opinion in the diagnosis process to insure proper diagnosis and treatment.

• f medication is prescribed, it is important to stay on schedule and watch and report any suspected side effects.
• Along with family therapy, inform the child's teachers of the situation so they know what to look for and monitor.

Keeping a good routine both at home and at school benefits children who suffer from this disorder. Routines help to eliminate unnecessary stress in the child's life, as well as within the family and learning structure.